A safe ocean

Seafloor geodetic observation to elucidate the mechanism of megathrust earthquakes

Period: From 2000,   Organizations: Japan Coast Guard, University of Tokyo

Seafloor geodetic observation by combining the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and underwater acoustic ranging technology enables the measurement of precise movements at seafloor benchmarks installed along the Japan Trench and the Nankai Trough. This will contribute to the elucidation of the mechanism of megathrust earthquakes that repeatedly occur along tectonic plate boundaries near Japan.

Interplate coupling model
along the Nankai Trough1)
Detection of a slow-slip event
in the south of the Kii Channel2)
Sources: 1) Yokota Y. et al., Seafloor geodetic constraints on interplate coupling of the Nankai Trough megathrust zone. Nature, 534, 374-377 (2016) doi:10.1038/nature17632
2) Yokota Y. and Ishikawa T., Shallow slow slip events along the Nankai Trough detected by GNSS-A. Science Advances, 6, 3 (2020)
doi:10.1126/sciadv.aay5786

Realizing a safe ocean through research and development on seismic and volcanic activities in ocean areas

Period: From 2020,   Organization: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)

In preparation for the next imminent giant Great Nankai Trough Earthquake, JAMSTEC is contributing towards disaster-prevention and mitigation by enhancing predictions of crustal movements, and providing research results and data including those improving long-term evaluations of earthquakes to national government, etc. In order to obtain necessary observational and crustal structure data for estimation of interplate coupling and its time sequence, following research and development will be carried out:

  • Deployment of ocean-bottom observation equipment to enable accurate and real-time observation of crustral movement in many areas.
  • Development of earthquake generation model and advanced calculation method based on high-resolution three-dimensional seismic survey data obtained by R/V KAIMEI.

In addition, JAMSTEC will contribute to understanding current state and history of volcanic activities through the development of new ways of observation, surveys for internal structure of oceanic crust, sample analysis, etc. in ocean areas where conducting surveys was challenging in the past.

Deployment plan for observations of changes
in the ocean crust
Wide-area seafloor research vessel Kaimei
(courtesy of JAMSTEC)
Reference: Research Institute for Marine Geodynamics, JAMSTEC (http://www.jamstec.go.jp/rimg/e/)